A) The
home menu
Most of the functions under the here has been studied in word.
-
Under the home menu go to Alignment Tool. There are two roles of alignment, the first for
vertical alignment and the second for horizontal alignment.
-
Chose an alignment from both roles depending on
your purpose.
a)
Wrap text: This option permits text
to be displayed vertically i.e. not going across a cell horizontally.
To
carry out this function, under the home menu click on Wrap Text.
b)
Merge: This Option is use to join
two or more cells.
-
Highlights the cells you want to merge.
-
Under the home menu click on Merge, Merge And Center or Merge Across.
Under the Merge function, click on Unmerge to disjoin two or more cells
previously joined.
c)
Conditional formatting: This
function is use to format a cell for a particular reason such as identification
purposes of some pertinent key data or range of data so as to distinguish a
cell or cells from others. Under conditional formatting, we have the following
rules
Highlight cell rule: This rule makes provision with
the ability to distinguish between variables with respect to their numerical
values. For example, you can decide to use a particular to identify all cells
containing numbers less than ten in a set containing several different values.
To perfect this study;
-
Enter the values; 10, 3, 7, 12, 13 and 8 into
the Excel spreadsheet with each value in its own cell.
-
Highlight all cells containing values under
study.
-
Go to Conditional
Formatting on the tool bar and left click on it.
-
Go to Highlight
Cell Rule.
-
Left Click on Greater Than.
-
Type 8 into the space provided.
All cells containing values greater than 8 are
highlighted.
Top/Bottom
rule: This rule is use to identify the either the most preferential or the
least preferential item on a list. To perfect this study;
-
Enter the values; 10, 3, 7, 12, 13 and 8 into
the Excel spreadsheet with each value in its own cell.
-
Highlight all cells containing values under
study.
-
Go to Conditional
Formatting on the tool bar and left click on it.
-
Go to Top/Bottom
Rule.
-
Left click on Top 10.
-
Type 4 in the space provided.
-
Select an identification color and click on Ok.
The cells containing the 4 top values is highlighted.
Data bars: Here the length of the Bar determines the
value in the cell. A longer bar represents a greater value while a shorter bar
represents a smaller value.
Color Scale:
In this case, we use color gradient to determine the values in a cell. It can
be two or three colors and the colors determine the values.
Icon Sets: Here
icons are displayed from a set of icon cells. Each icons represents the value
in the cell.
To
carryout conditional formatting for Data
Bar, Color Scale and Icon Set, under the Home Menu;
-
Click on Conditional
Formatting.
-
Select the rule which suit your purpose and
proceed.
The formatting will be displayed on the cell(s).
N.B: The
cell(s) must be highlighted before formatting.
e) Formatting
as table: This is to transform the virtual cells into a table format (virtual
in the sense that when we print from excel, we can not see the cell lines on a
hard copy). To execute this function;
-
Highlight the group of cells to be formatted as
table
-
Click on format as table
-
Select the table format you want depending on
your purpose (the table is going to be displayed). Most often select the first
design on the second row.
-
Select Banded
Column on the toolbar.
-
Unselect Header
Row on the toolbar.
f). Delete: This refers to the act
of clearing the content of a cell, entire role or entire column. This function
works as follows;
-
Click on delete
-
Select delete
sheet/table row to delete a row
-
Select sheet/table
column to delete a column.
g). Insert:
This is use to insert cells, column and rows into sheet or table.
Click on insert under the Home Menu to perform this
task.
i). Formatting: This option is use to carryout
functions pertaining to cell Visibility, Organize sheet and Protection.
Cell Size
-
Click on format tool.
-
Select format row height or column weight.
-
Input the values in the provided space to vary
the size.
-
Click on Ok to confirm the value.
Visibility
-
Under the Home Menu Click on Format.
-
Under Visibility go to Hide & Unhide.
-
Select the possible options to hide a row,
column or sheet.
Organize
sheet
-
Click on format
-
Under Organize sheet, click on rename sheet,
enter the name using the keyboard and the click on an empty cell to finalize
the renaming.
-
Click on Move/Copy Sheet, select the position
where you want to move the sheet to or select create a copy, to create a copy
of the sheet and click on Ok to confirm.
Protection
-
Click on Format.
-
Under protection, click on protect sheet.
-
Select the type of protection to carryout.
-
Enter a Password for protection.
-
Click on Ok.
-
Click on Lock Cell to protect a cell from
formatting by other users.
Format cell: This option is use to carry out cell
formatting including, Font, Alignment, etc. to do this;
-
Under the home menu click on Format
-
Click on Format
Cell.
-
Select any of the options from the functional
window below to proceed with cell editing.
h) Accounting number Format: This
option is use to insert currency symbol
Left click on this function and select the currency
symbol which you need for your purpose by clicking on it.
i). The thousands separator: this option
is use to separate figures in thousands.
j) Function bar: This area is use to
enter functions or formula to carry out a calculation. It is indicated as “fx”.
At
this juncture, we have come to understand the Home Menu of Microsoft Excel 2007
and how it works.
B) Page
layout Menu
See Microsoft Word for more
a)
Print area: Click on print area to select an area
on the spread sheet for printing.
Background: Click on background to attribute a ground
design for a sheet.
a)
Print
Title: select Print title to perform the following task
-
Select a Print
Area.
-
Select row to be repeated at the top.
-
Select column to be repeated at left.
-
Select page order.
-
Show grid lines.
Follow the other options such as Margins, Page or
Header/Footer to proceed with more functions.
See Microsoft Word for more.
C) Insert
Menu
a)
Chart
To insert a chart in excel;
-
Enter the table of values to be used for the
chart with respect to the categories and series.
-
Highlight the entire table of values including
the categories and series.
-
Under the insert menu, select the type of chart
to be produced by left clicking on it.
The chart will be produce automatically indicating
the categories and columns. You can alter the position of the chart simply by
dragging it using the left button of the mouse. (Place your mouse pointer on
the mouse until you observe the four sided arrow. Left click and hold; then
move with it to any position).
b)
Inserting
Symbol.
Just like what we saw in Microsoft Office Word, we
can use this option to insert signs and symbols into the Excel work Window.
c)
Inserting
Object:
This provides us with the option of conveniently
using and editing jobs that Excel on it own can not do. Through this process,
we can access a working window of the program, carryout designs on this window
and the results are presented on Excel window on closing this program.
To perfect this study; Under insert
menu, click on Object, select an
Object type and click on Ok. You can
now carryout whatever designs you intended on a new working window. At the end
of the designation, simply close the new window to make the design appear on
the Excel page.
D) THE FORMULAS
MENU
This is the most important and essential menu as
far as Excel is concern. All kinds of calculations in Excel are being performed
with the use of this menu.
To carryout any calculation, the data must have been
inserted into the respective cells.
OR;
-
Enter the data to be use for calculation
-
Click on an empty cell to create an answer space
-
Click on Insert Function (fx)
-
Select the function to be used or carried out,
-
Select a category
-
Or type a description of the function and click
on Go
-
Select the range of data to be use for this
calculation,
-
Click on OK
a)
Autosum: Autosum is a function which
permits Excel to automatically sum all the data inserted in a group of cells.
To use the Auto
function;
-
Enter the values to be sum.
-
Click on a destination cell where you want the answer
to be displayed.
-
Click on Autosum on the toolbar.
b)
Recently used: After using a
formula, the computer assumes that formula may be needed in the nearest future
for same calculation. Hence the recently use function makes provision of
formulas that have just been used.
Under the
formula menu, click on recently used in the toolbar to use this function.
c)
Financial: This is a group of
formula designed for financial calculation.
To access this
function, under the formula menu click on Financial
d)
Logical: This is a function designed
for logical calculations. Logical calculation involves conditional statement
such as; YES, NO, IF, FALSE
Under the
formula menu, click on logical to access this function.
e)
Date and Time: This option is used
to insert Date or Time on a work sheet.
To carryout
this function;
-
Under the formula menu click on date and time (A
functional window is going to open).
-
Make a selection to suit your purpose by
clicking on it.
-
Fill in the values needed.
-
Click on OK
to finalize.
f)
Math and Trigonometry: This option
is used to perform mathematical and Trigonometric functions.
To perform this
function;
-
Under the formula menu click on Math and Trig.
-
Select a function that suit your purpose and
click on it
-
Input the variables or highlight the cell(s)
which contain the variable to be calculated.
-
Click on OK
to finalize.
g)
More Function: In this option, we
can search for all the formulae that exist under the formula menu if need be.
h)
Trace Precedent: Precedent here
refers to the value or set of values from which the result (answer) is derived.
To exhibit this
function;
-
Click on formula menu.
-
Go to formula auditing in the toolbar and select
trace precedent.
The precedent(s) will be indicated
with blue arrow(s)
The purpose of
this function is to trace the source of a result.
i)
Trace dependent: the dependent here
refers to the set of results which is/are derive from the computation of a
value(s).
To perform this
function;
-
Click on formula menu
-
Go to formula auditing in the toolbar and select
trace precedent.
The precedent(s) will be indicated
with blue arrow(s).
The purpose is
to obtain the result that was being derived from the computation of a set of
values.
Click on Remove
arrow to undo the blue arrow(s).
j)
Define Name: Here we are provided
with the option of naming a cell so as to identify it in formulas by name.
names are used in formulas to make them easier to understand. The procedure is
as follows;
-
Highlight the cell(s) to be named.
-
Under the formulas menu, click on Define Name.
-
Enter the name using the keyboard.
-
Click on Ok.
k)
Watch Window: It enables us to
monitor the values of certain cell as changes are being made. These values are
displayed in a separate area showing us the Book, Sheet, Define Name, Cell and
Formula.
To add a value
to the watch;
-
Select the value to be added by left clicking on
the cell containing the value.
-
Under the Formulas Menu Click on Watch Window.
-
Click on Add Watch.
-
Click on Add to confirm.
Note: The name
of the cell(s) is created using the Define Name function. To view the values in
the Watch Window, click on Watch Window.
l)
Show Formulas: It is use to display
the formulas in each cell for which it contain a result. To perform this;
highlight the answer cell and click on Show Formula. It helps to obtain the
formula that has been used to obtain a particular result.
m)
Evaluate Formula: Use to debug a
formula. That is to evaluate each part of the formula individually to make sure
the result gotten is the actual result.
n)
Calculation option: This is use to
determine when a formula is calculated. The default setting is automatic. That
is when a value is calculated that affects a result, the formula automatically
redo the calculation with the new value. Click on Calculation Option to view
seeting.
o)
Error Checking: Use to verify common
errors.
DATA MENU
a)
Sort: This option is use to arrange
data on several criteria such as; from A to Z, Z to A, Largest to Smallest or
Smallest to Largest.
To Sort Data;
Under the Data
Menu click on Sort (a dialogue box is going to open).
Click on Option
to select orientation (i.e. from top to bottom or left to right) and click on
OK.
Go to Sort By
to select the column (in the case from top to bottom) or row (in the case from
left to right) to be used for sorting.
Go to Select On
to select a selection criterion.
Go to Order to
select the order of sorting.
Click on Add
Level to add another Level.
Click on Delete
Level to delete a level.
Click on Copy
Level to create a copy of and existing level.
Click on Ok.
b)
What-If Analysis: Under this
function, we have the option of Goal Seek that will help us find the value of
an input if the result to be obtained is known. That is, moving from dependent
to precedent (there must exist a formula used for previous calculation of that
type).
To perform
this;
Under Data Menu
click on What-If Analysis.
Select Goal
Seek.
Input or select
the cell whose value will be modified automatically as a result of a change of
value in the answer cell.
c)
Remove Duplicate: Use to remove
repeated values in a column.
To perform
this;
Select a cell
found in the column where you want to remove duplicates.
Click on Remove
Duplicates.
Select the
column(s) to be checked for duplicates.
Click on OK.
d)
Text to Column: Use to separate the content
of a cell into columns.
e)
Subtotal: Automatically sum the
total of several rows by automatically creating a subtotal and grand total. To
perform this task, highlight the rows whose grand total is to be obtained.
Click on subtotal and then click on OK.
VIEW MENU
a)
Workbook View: This option is
applicable in determining the type of view to be used for the workbook.
Click on Normal
View to view the document in a normal mode.
Click on Page
Layout to view the document as it will be printed on a hard copy. These enable
us to know the area within printable page margin and also to view any available
header or footer.
Click on page
break preview to see where the page will break when printed on hard copy.
Click on Full
Screen to view the document in full screen mode.
b)
Show/Hide: This option is used to
Hide/Show; Grid lines, Headings, Formulas bar, etc. To execute this function;
Tick to select or Untick to unselect.
c)
Zoom: This function is use to
increase or decrease the magnification of characters.
Click on Zoom
to vary the magnification.
Click on 100%
to bring the magnification back to normal.
d)
Windows:
Click on New
Window to create a new window having same content as previous.
Click on
Arrange All to view existing workbook on the same work window.
Click on Split
to divide working window into many section so as to enable the view of two
different values at a far distance at same time.
Click on Freeze
to keep a porting of a worksheet visible while the others are being scrolled.
Click on Hide
to hide an active window sheet so that it can not be seen. To unhide, click on
the Unhide function.
Click on Switch Window
to switch to a different currently opened window.
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